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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

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Genetic relationship between cocirculating Human enteroviruses species C.

Maël Bessaud1, Marie-Line Joffret, Barbara Holmblat

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Unité Postulante de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Paris, France. mael.bessaud@ird.fr

Plos One
|September 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Genetic recombination in human enteroviruses (HEV), particularly Human enterovirus species C (HEV-C), is frequent. This study reveals extensive intra- and inter-typic recombination in HEV-C viruses from Madagascar, driving viral diversity.

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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human enteroviruses (HEV) frequently undergo recombination, influencing viral evolution.
  • Previous work identified co-circulating Human enterovirus species C (HEV-C) in Madagascar, including vaccine-derived polioviruses (PV).
  • Initial genomic analysis of these HEV-C isolates indicated significant genetic diversity driven by recombination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a detailed genomic characterization of HEV-C isolates from Madagascar.
  • To compare HEV-C sequences with global isolates to understand geographic clustering.
  • To investigate the extent and patterns of intra- and inter-typic recombination within HEV-C.

Main Methods:

  • Full VP1 sequencing of 41 HEV-C isolates.
  • Whole-genome sequencing of 10 representative HEV-C isolates.
  • Comparative genomic analysis with international HEV-C strains.

Main Results:

  • Madagascan HEV-C isolates formed distinct clusters compared to global strains.
  • Most sequenced genomes were mosaic structures resulting from intra- and inter-typic recombination.
  • Recombination breakpoints suggested potential preferred genomic regions, with HEV-99 showing rare recombination with other HEV-C types.

Conclusions:

  • High frequency of inter- and intra-typic recombination is a key driver of HEV-C genetic plasticity and biodiversity.
  • Genomic mosaicism is a widespread characteristic of HEV-C evolution.
  • Geographic clustering of HEV-C strains was observed, suggesting localized evolutionary dynamics.