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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Circulatory System02:03

Anatomy of the Circulatory System

The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart, and the heart itself, which acts as a central pump. The systemic circuit supplies blood to the whole body, the coronary circuit supplies blood to the heart, and the pulmonary circuit supplies blood flow between the heart and lungs.
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac output averages...
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

A modular computational circulatory model applicable to VAD testing and training.

Gianfranco Ferrari1, Maciej Kozarski, Krzysztof Zieliński

  • 1Institute of Clinical Physiology, Section of Rome, CNR, Via San Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy. gfr.ferrari@ifc.cnr.it

Journal of Artificial Organs : the Official Journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs
|September 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A new modular computational model was developed to simulate ventricular assist devices (VADs) and their interaction with the circulatory system. This model aids research and education by accurately predicting VAD performance under various conditions.

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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Computational modeling
  • Cardiovascular engineering
  • Medical device simulation

Background:

  • Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs) are crucial for managing heart failure.
  • Accurate simulation models are needed for VAD research and development.
  • Existing models may lack modularity or VAD interaction capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modular computational model for simulating VAD interactions.
  • To create a flexible platform for research and educational purposes.
  • To test VAD interfaces and their effects on circulatory dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a five-module lumped parameter model (ventricles, circulations).
  • Implemented impedance transformer interfaces for VAD integration.
  • Simulated caval occlusion and left-VAD (LVAD) assistance (atrioaortic, ventriculoaortic).

Main Results:

  • Caval occlusion reduced pressures and shifted the LV p-v loop leftward.
  • Atrioaortic LVAD support narrowed the LV p-v loop, increasing cardiac output and aortic pressure.
  • Ventriculoaortic LVAD support widened the LV p-v loop and decreased average ventricular volume.

Conclusions:

  • The modular model accurately simulates VAD interactions and circulatory responses.
  • The model provides a valuable tool for VAD research and education.
  • Future work includes integrating autonomic functions and detailed coronary circulation.