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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction
10:46

Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

Published on: November 3, 2011

Primitive cardiac cells from human embryonic stem cells.

James Hudson1, Drew Titmarsh, Alejandro Hidalgo

  • 1Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.

Stem Cells and Development
|September 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a new 2D protocol for generating human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, improving consistency for heart disease research and potential therapies.

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High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry
13:13

High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry

Published on: September 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Cardiovascular research
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are crucial for in vitro heart models and heart failure therapeutics.
  • Existing differentiation protocols often require extensive hESC line optimization and suffer from heterogeneity.
  • Reducing variability in hESC differentiation is key for reliable research and therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust and scalable 2D differentiation protocol for cardiomyocytes from hESCs.
  • To minimize the need for specific hESC line optimization and reduce protocol variability.
  • To generate a large number of immature cardiomyocytes for research and potential therapeutic use.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted hESCs to single-cell passaging in 2D culture to reduce starting population heterogeneity.
  • Developed a 2D temporal differentiation protocol involving primitive streak induction (BMP4, Activin A) and Wnt inhibition (IWP-4 or IWR-1).
  • Assessed cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency and subtype expression (atrial/ventricular) using cardiac marker analysis.

Main Results:

  • Single-cell passaging increased pluripotency marker expression (OCT4, NANOG) and reduced lineage markers compared to bulk cultures.
  • The 2D protocol effectively generated immature cardiomyocytes (~65,000/cm(2)) expressing cardiac progenitor markers (ISL1, NKX2-5).
  • IWP-4 treatment yielded both atrial and ventricular cardiomyocyte markers, while IWR-1 predominantly induced atrial markers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 2D protocol offers a flexible, scalable, and reproducible method for generating cardiomyocytes from various hESC lines.
  • This protocol facilitates the study of cardiomyocyte differentiation mechanisms and holds potential for heart failure treatment.
  • The generated immature cardiomyocytes are valuable for investigating molecular pathways in cardiac development and disease.