Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Signal and System

Signal and System

A signal x(t) is a set of data or a time function representing a variable of interest. Signals typically convey information about a phenomenon, such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, human voice, television images, a dog's bark, or birdsongs. More generally, a signal can be a function of more than one independent variable. For instance, images depend on horizontal and vertical positions and can be regarded as two-dimensional signals. However, this text will focus on one-dimensional signals...

State Space Representation

State Space Representation

The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...

Design Example

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effect of GDMT Optimization on KDIGO Risk Categories in HFrEF: Analysis of the VIENNA-HF Registry.

JACC. Advances·2026

Same author

Implementation of Medical Therapy in Different Stages of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Analysis of the VIENNA-HF Registry.

Biomedicines·2025

Same author

Tailored Risk Stratification in Severe Mitral Regurgitation and Heart Failure Using Supervised Learning Techniques.

JACC. Advances·2024

Same author

Serum Markers of Neurodegeneration Are Strongly Linked to Heart Failure Severity and Outcome.

JACC. Heart failure·2024

Same author

Properties of bundle valuations in carrier collaboration.

Central European journal of operations research·2024

Same author

The best of both worlds? General principles of psychopathology in personalized assessment.

Journal of psychopathology and clinical science·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Published on: November 24, 2021

Complexity in electronic negotiation support systems.

Michele Griessmair¹, Guido Strunk, Rudolf Vetschera

¹Institut für Arbeitsrecht und Arbeitsbeziehungen in der Europäschen Gemeinschaft, Trier University, Germany. griessmair@iaaeg.de

Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences

|September 22, 2011

Summary

Negotiating via email or using a decision support system (DSS) simplifies communication complexity. Reduced complexity in negotiation communication increases the likelihood of reaching a successful agreement.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

Published on: November 24, 2021

Area of Science:

Communication Studies
Computational Social Science
Decision Science

Background:

The medium of communication significantly impacts negotiation processes and outcomes.
Complexity theories provide frameworks for analyzing dynamic interactions and temporal sequences in negotiations.
Understanding negotiation communication complexity is crucial for improving agreement rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the communication complexity of synchronous (IM) versus asynchronous (email) negotiations.
To evaluate the impact of a decision support system (DSS) on negotiation communication complexity.
To determine the relationship between communication complexity and the probability of reaching a negotiation agreement.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 145 negotiation transcripts.
Coding and quantitative analysis using Shannon entropy and grammar complexity metrics.
Comparative analysis of communication modes (IM, email, DSS-supported).

Main Results:

Asynchronous negotiation (email) significantly reduces communication complexity compared to synchronous (IM).
Integrating a decision support system (DSS) also significantly reduces negotiation communication complexity.
Lower communication complexity correlates with a higher probability of successful negotiation outcomes.

Conclusions:

Asynchronous communication and decision support systems simplify negotiation dynamics.
Reducing communication complexity is a viable strategy for enhancing negotiation effectiveness and agreement success.
Complexity theory offers valuable insights into optimizing negotiation communication strategies.