Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

Color Vision

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Erratum: Uniform electroactive fibre-like micelle nanowires for organic electronics.

Nature communications·2017

Same author

Uniform electroactive fibre-like micelle nanowires for organic electronics.

Nature communications·2017

Same author

Biomimetic reflectors fabricated using self-organising, self-aligning liquid crystal polymers.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2012

Same author

Computing with liquid crystal fingers: models of geometric and logical computation.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2012

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

Published on: February 27, 2019

Bright color reflective displays with interlayer reflectors.

Stephen Kitson¹, Adrian Geisow, John Rudin

¹Hewlett-Packard Labs, Long Down Avenue, Stoke Gifford, Bristol BS34 8QZ, UK. stephen.kitson@hp.com

|September 22, 2011

Summary

This study introduces a novel architecture for reflective color displays, significantly expanding color gamut by reducing light loss. The new design offers greater flexibility in choosing display materials.

More Related Videos

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Published on: May 31, 2018

Step-by-Step Guide for Harnessing Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Solution Processed Device Fabrication of a TADF Emitter

Step-by-Step Guide for Harnessing Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Solution Processed Device Fabrication of a TADF Emitter

Published on: November 7, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

Published on: February 27, 2019

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Published on: May 31, 2018

Step-by-Step Guide for Harnessing Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Solution Processed Device Fabrication of a TADF Emitter

Step-by-Step Guide for Harnessing Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Solution Processed Device Fabrication of a TADF Emitter

Published on: November 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Materials Science

Background:

Reflective color displays face challenges in achieving wide color gamuts.
Conventional color filter designs (RGB, CMY) suffer from significant light loss, limiting performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a new architecture for reflective displays that overcomes limitations in color gamut and light efficiency.
To explore an alternative to conventional color filtering methods.

Main Methods:

Demonstration of an architecture interleaving absorbing-to-clear shutters with wavelength-selective reflectors.
Utilizing matched reflectors to enhance color channel separation.

Main Results:

The proposed architecture significantly increases color gamut.
Light losses are substantially reduced compared to conventional methods.
Wider selection of electro-optic colorants is enabled.

Conclusions:

The novel architecture offers a promising solution for high-performance reflective color displays.
This approach addresses key challenges in light efficiency and color reproduction.