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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers
07:26

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Published on: February 28, 2019

The rotating-crystal method in femtosecond X-ray diffraction.

B Freyer1, J Stingl, F Zamponi

  • 1Max-Born-Institut f¨ur Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany. bfreyer@mbi-berlin.de

Optics Express
|September 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new rotating-crystal method for femtosecond X-ray diffraction. This technique maps crystal structural dynamics with high precision using ultrafast X-ray pulses.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers
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Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography

Published on: April 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Ultrafast Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Understanding ultrafast structural dynamics is crucial for materials science.
  • Traditional X-ray diffraction methods have limitations in temporal resolution for capturing rapid structural changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate the first implementation of the rotating-crystal method in femtosecond X-ray diffraction.
  • To map the structural dynamics of photoexcited bismuth crystals with high temporal resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a pump-probe scheme with 100 femtosecond (fs) hard X-ray probe pulses.
  • Employed a laser-driven plasma source for generating ultrafast X-ray pulses.
  • Applied the rotating-crystal method to analyze changes in diffracted intensity on multiple Bragg reflections.

Main Results:

  • Successfully mapped the structural dynamics of a photoexcited bismuth crystal.
  • Demonstrated the capability of the novel technique to capture ultrafast structural changes.
  • Compared the rotating-crystal method with femtosecond powder diffraction and stationary Bragg diffraction.

Conclusions:

  • The rotating-crystal method is a viable and powerful technique for studying ultrafast structural dynamics.
  • This advancement offers new possibilities for investigating transient phenomena in crystalline materials.
  • The method provides complementary insights compared to existing femtosecond diffraction techniques.