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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Third harmonic generation (THG) is a crucial nonlinear optical process for frequency conversion.
  • Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a promising material for nonlinear optics due to its high refractive index.
  • Nanocrystalline thin films offer unique optical properties compared to bulk materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate third harmonic generation (THG) of femtosecond laser pulses in sputtered nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films.
  • To study the dependence of THG on TiO2 film thickness.
  • To demonstrate the potential of TiO2 films for ultrafast optical pulse characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of TiO2 thin films with graded thickness using sputtering.
  • Experimental measurement of THG signal as a function of film thickness.
  • Recording of third-order autocorrelation and interferometric frequency-resolved optical gating (IFROG) traces.

Main Results:

  • Maximum THG signal observed at a TiO2 film thickness of 180 nm.
  • Achieved a 26-fold increase in THG conversion efficiency compared to the air-glass interface.
  • Successfully demonstrated pulse characterization using unamplified laser pulses.

Conclusions:

  • Sputtered nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films are highly efficient for THG.
  • Optimized film thickness is critical for maximizing nonlinear optical responses.
  • TiO2 films show significant potential for applications in ultrafast optics and laser diagnostics.