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Related Concept Videos

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
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Regulation of mRNA decapping.

You Li1, Megerditch Kiledjian

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|September 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

mRNA decapping enzymes, Dcp2 and DcpS, regulate gene expression by controlling mRNA stability through distinct decay pathways. Their intricate regulation and potential roles in neurological disorders are reviewed.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • mRNA stability and gene expression are tightly regulated processes in eukaryotic cells.
  • Decapping enzymes initiate mRNA degradation, influencing transcript levels.
  • Two key enzymes, Dcp2 and DcpS, operate in distinct mRNA decay pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions of the two major decapping enzymes, Dcp2 and DcpS.
  • To discuss the regulatory mechanisms controlling decapping enzyme activity.
  • To explore the potential involvement of decapping enzymes in human neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of decapping enzymes and mRNA decay pathways.
  • Analysis of regulatory factors (cis-elements and trans-factors) affecting decapping.

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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
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In vitro Transcription and Capping of Gaussia Luciferase mRNA Followed by HeLa Cell Transfection
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In vitro Transcription and Capping of Gaussia Luciferase mRNA Followed by HeLa Cell Transfection

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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
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  • Synthesis of current knowledge on the role of decapping in neurological diseases.

    • Main Results:

    • Dcp2 initiates 5' to 3' mRNA decay, while DcpS acts on the cap structure from 3' to 5' decay.
    • Decapping enzyme activity is precisely controlled by various regulatory elements and protein interactions.
    • Evidence suggests a potential link between decapping dysfunction and neurological disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Decapping enzymes are crucial for controlling mRNA turnover and gene expression.
    • The complex regulation of decapping highlights its importance in cellular processes.
    • Further research into decapping enzymes may offer insights into treating neurological disorders.