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Indirect Motor Pathways

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...

Direct Motor Pathways

Direct Motor Pathways

The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

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Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Published on: April 13, 2011

Inconsistent locomotion inhibits vection.

Takeharu Seno¹, Hiroyuki Ito, Shoji Sunaga

¹Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan. seno@design.kyushu-u.ac.jp

|September 23, 2011

Summary

Illusory self-motion perception, known as vection, is affected by walking. Inconsistent walking weakens vection, while consistent walking strengthens this sense of perceived motion.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Perception Psychology

Background:

Illusory self-motion perception (vection) is a complex phenomenon.
The influence of self-generated locomotion on vection is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how locomotion on a treadmill affects the strength of vection.
To determine whether locomotion consistency modulates vection.

Main Methods:

Participants experienced illusory self-motion (vection) under controlled conditions.
Locomotion was simulated using a treadmill, with varying degrees of consistency.

Main Results:

Vection strength was significantly inhibited when locomotion was inconsistent with the visual stimulus.
Conversely, vection was facilitated when locomotion was consistent with the visual stimulus.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

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Published on: April 13, 2011

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Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

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Conclusions:

Locomotion plays a crucial role in modulating illusory self-motion perception.
The consistency between self-motion and sensory input is a key factor in vection.