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Related Concept Videos

Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions01:29

Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions

Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
Managing Impressions01:19

Managing Impressions

Impression management encompasses individuals' deliberate efforts to shape how others perceive them during social interactions. This behavior is often employed to conform to social norms, secure approval, or pursue specific goals. While it involves selective self-presentation, it is not necessarily deceptive; individuals frequently present authentic aspects of themselves that align with situational demands.Common strategies include:Ingratiation: where individuals use flattery or agreeableness...
Schemas01:42

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Counterfactual Thinking01:19

Counterfactual Thinking

Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in human cognition.Types of...
Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations, psychological...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
09:45

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

Make all the right moves during anticipated change.

Sharon Sayler

    The Journal of Medical Practice Management : MPM
    |September 23, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Anticipated change, like healthcare reform, causes temporary group dysfunction and anxiety. This guide offers leaders skills to balance productivity and morale during transitions.

    Area of Science:

    • Healthcare Management
    • Organizational Psychology
    • Change Management

    Background:

    • Anticipated change, distinct from surprise change, necessitates routine adjustments.
    • Even highly functional groups experience temporary dysfunction during change due to uncertainty.
    • This transitional phase often involves heightened anxiety and communication challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide insights for team leaders managing anticipated change.
    • To offer a skill set for maintaining group functionality during transitions.
    • To address the balance between productivity and morale amidst change-induced dysfunction.

    Main Methods:

    • Qualitative analysis of group dynamics during organizational change.
    • Review of literature on change management and team leadership.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 29, 2026

    New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
    09:45

    New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

    Published on: January 23, 2017

  • Development of practical strategies for leaders.

    • Main Results:

    • Anticipated change leads to predictable periods of group dysfunction and anxiety.
    • Specific leader behaviors can mitigate negative impacts on morale and productivity.
    • Effective communication and support are crucial during uncertainty.

    Conclusions:

    • Leaders can navigate anticipated change by understanding and managing temporary group dysfunction.
    • Implementing targeted skills helps maintain both high productivity and morale.
    • Proactive strategies are essential for successful adaptation to new realities.