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Related Concept Videos

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins

Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular cargos...
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
Anaphase A and B01:39

Anaphase A and B

Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
10:52

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

Published on: August 13, 2016

Cytoplasmic dynein.

Victoria J Allan1

  • 1Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. viki.allan@manchester.ac.uk

Biochemical Society Transactions
|September 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eukaryotic cell organization depends on molecular motors like cytoplasmic dynein. This review covers dynein

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
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Published on: August 13, 2016

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells utilize diverse molecular motor proteins for essential functions.
  • Cytoplasmic dynein is crucial for intracellular transport, moving cargoes towards microtubule minus ends.
  • Dynein-mediated transport is vital for single-cell processes and overall organismal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding cytoplasmic dynein.
  • To explore dynein's mechanochemistry, regulation, and cargo-binding mechanisms.
  • To discuss the role of accessory factors in dynein function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications on cytoplasmic dynein.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on dynein's molecular mechanisms.
  • Discussion of regulatory pathways and cargo adaptors.

Main Results:

  • Recent progress has elucidated key aspects of dynein's mechanochemical cycle.
  • Understanding of dynein regulation and its diverse cargo-binding capabilities has advanced.
  • The critical involvement of accessory factors in these processes is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Cytoplasmic dynein is a complex motor protein essential for eukaryotic cell organization and development.
  • Continued research is refining our understanding of its intricate functions.
  • Accessory factors play indispensable roles in mediating dynein's diverse cellular activities.