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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...

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Simple In-House Ultra-High Performance Capillary Column Manufacturing with the FlashPack Approach
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Simple In-House Ultra-High Performance Capillary Column Manufacturing with the FlashPack Approach

Published on: December 4, 2021

Extending the Total Pore Blocking method to normal phase high performance liquid chromatography.

Anuschka Liekens1, Joeri Denayer, Gert Desmet

  • 1Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|September 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Total Pore Blocking (TBP) method now determines external porosity in normal-phase chromatography. This advancement uses specific blocking agents and alkane tracers, offering high accuracy for packed bed columns.

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Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity
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Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity
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Area of Science:

  • Chromatography
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • External porosity (ε(e)) is crucial for packed bed columns in chromatography.
  • Existing methods like Total Pore Blocking (TBP) are established for reversed-phase (RP) chromatography.
  • Adapting TBP for normal-phase (NP) chromatography requires modifications to blocking agents and flushing liquids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the Total Pore Blocking (TBP) method for external porosity determination to normal-phase (NP) chromatography.
  • To identify suitable blocking agents and interstitial void flushing liquids for NP conditions.
  • To investigate parameters influencing the accuracy of the NP-TBP method.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized hydrophilic blocking agents (water) and hydrophobic flushing liquids (linear alkanes) for NP-TBP.
  • Investigated the impact of flow rates and particle meso-pore size on external porosity measurements.
  • Employed linear alkanes as t(0)-markers and refractive index detection for alkane tracer detection.

Main Results:

  • Successfully adapted the TBP method for NP chromatography, termed NP-TBP.
  • Identified linear alkanes as the sole suitable t(0)-markers for NP conditions.
  • Demonstrated that NP-TBP yields results comparable to Inverse Size Exclusion Chromatography (ISEC) with significantly reduced error (approx. 0.1%).

Conclusions:

  • The NP-TBP method provides an accurate and reliable approach for determining external porosity in NP chromatography.
  • The method's accuracy is influenced by parameters like flow rate and particle meso-pore size.
  • NP-TBP offers a precise alternative to existing methods for characterizing packed bed columns.