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Related Concept Videos

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
Energy Budgets00:51

Energy Budgets

Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
Derivatives: Problem Solving01:26

Derivatives: Problem Solving

Temperature-Dependent Growth of Brook TroutThe growth of brook trout is closely influenced by water temperature. Experimental data demonstrate how trout weight changes over a 24-day period in response to varying water temperatures. At lower temperatures, such as 15.5 degrees Celsius, brook trout show significant weight gain. However, as the temperature increases, the amount of weight gained steadily decreases. At the highest temperature measured, 24.4 degrees Celsius, trout experience a net...
Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD01:21

Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD

A complete procedure of testing a hypothesis about a population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown is explained here.
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be approximately normally distributed. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. There is no specific requirement for sample size. But if the sample size is less than 30, and we don't know the population standard deviation, a different approach is used; instead...

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Related Experiment Video

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Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
07:54

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Published on: March 9, 2021

Fine-scale thermal adaptation in a green turtle nesting population.

Sam B Weber1, Annette C Broderick, Ton G G Groothuis

  • 1Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|September 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) embryos show adaptive heat tolerance differences between nearby nesting beaches. This fine-scale adaptation impacts conservation strategies for marine turtles facing climate warming.

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Area of Science:

  • * Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • * Conservation Physiology
  • * Climate Change Biology

Background:

  • * Climate warming poses a significant threat to the reproductive success of ectothermic animals.
  • * Understanding adaptive variation in heat tolerance is crucial for conserving threatened species.
  • * Limited data exists on the extent of natural heat-tolerance variation in many endangered populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate adaptive divergence in thermal tolerance of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) embryos.
  • * To assess the influence of contrasting incubation temperatures on nesting beaches within a single population.
  • * To determine the mechanisms underlying thermal tolerance differences and their implications for conservation.

Main Methods:

  • * Comparison of offspring survival and growth across different incubation temperatures using natural nests and common-garden experiments.
  • * Analysis of thermal reaction norms in embryos from populations nesting on beaches with contrasting thermal profiles (black vs. pale sand).
  • * Evaluation of potential egg-mediated maternal effects on thermal tolerance.

Main Results:

  • * Offspring from a hot (black sand) beach exhibited superior survival and growth at high incubation temperatures compared to offspring from a cooler (pale sand) beach.
  • * Observed differences were attributed to shallower thermal reaction norms in the hot beach population, not shifts in thermal optima.
  • * Egg-mediated maternal effects did not explain the observed adaptive variation in heat tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • * Marine turtle nesting behavior can drive adaptive differentiation at very fine spatial scales.
  • * Previous assessments may have underestimated adaptive structuring within marine turtle populations.
  • * Findings have critical implications for defining conservation units and predicting species' responses to climate change.