Lymphoid neoplasms in swine

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Pathology
• Immunohistochemistry
• Swine Neoplasia

Background:

• Lymphoid neoplasms in swine are diverse and require precise classification for accurate diagnosis and understanding.
• Distinguishing between precursor and mature B-cell malignancies, as well as different T-cell lymphomas, is crucial in veterinary oncology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and histologically classify seventeen cases of lymphoid neoplasms in swine.
• To characterize the immunophenotypic and cytological features of these swine lymphoid tumors.
• To identify potential swine-specific lymphoid neoplasm subtypes.

Main Methods:

• Histopathological examination of seventeen lymphoid neoplasms in swine.
• Immunohistochemical analysis using markers such as CD79a, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), CD3, CD5, WC1, and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins.
• Cytological evaluation to differentiate between lymphoma subtypes.

Main Results:

• Seventeen cases were categorized into eight distinct histological types of lymphoid neoplasms.
• Immature B-cell malignancies (precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma) expressed CD79a and TdT.
• Mature B-cell lymphomas showed varied morphology and expressed CD79a and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins.
• Thymic γδ T-cell lymphomas exhibited specific characteristics including epitheliotropism, homing to T-cell zones, and expression of CD3, CD5, WC1, and perforin (instead of TdT).

Conclusions:

• Lymphoid neoplasms in swine can be classified into discrete histological types.
• Some identified lymphoid neoplasms may be specific to the swine population.
• This classification aids in understanding the spectrum of lymphoid malignancies in swine.