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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation

Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation

Published on: January 12, 2016

Avascular necrosis in HIV.

Puja Mehta¹, Mark Nelson, Alexander Brand

¹Department of Rheumatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.

Rheumatology International

|September 23, 2011

Summary

Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a growing complication in HIV patients, often linked to multiple risk factors. Early detection and risk factor management are crucial for preventing AVN in those with HIV.

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Infectious Diseases
Radiology

Background:

Avascular necrosis (AVN) is an emerging complication in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
The incidence of AVN in HIV patients exceeds that of the general population, with unclear etiology despite increased incidence in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the experience of AVN at a tertiary referral HIV center.
To evaluate the risk factors associated with AVN development in HIV-positive patients.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of MRI reports for HIV-positive patients between 2007 and 2010.
Analysis of case notes and electronic records for 22 identified patients with AVN.

Main Results:

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An incidence of 0.34% (95% CI, 0.2-0.48%) for AVN was observed among 6,487 HIV patients.
The majority of AVN patients (68%) had multi-joint involvement, a median nadir CD4 count of 52 cells/μL, and multiple risk factors.
Common risk factors included HAART (91%), protease inhibitors (68%), hypercholesterolemia (59%), corticosteroids (55%), and hypertriglyceridemia (45%).

Conclusions:

AVN is a significant musculoskeletal manifestation in HIV, often multifocal and multifactorial.
Preventative strategies should target modification of identified risk factors.
Clinicians should suspect AVN in HIV patients with joint pain and consider HIV testing for unexplained AVN.