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Understanding Dissolved Organic Matter Biogeochemistry Through In Situ Nutrient Manipulations in Stream Ecosystems
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Assessing stream restoration effectiveness at reducing nitrogen export to downstream waters.

Solange Filoso1, Margaret A Palmer

  • 1Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA. filoso@umces.edu

Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
|September 24, 2011
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Stream restoration can reduce nitrogen (N) pollution in urban coastal areas. Effective N reduction depends on stream location, flow conditions, and restoration design, particularly for lowland streams and stream-wetland complexes.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Urbanized coastal streams often degrade, contributing to downstream pollution and coastal eutrophication.
  • Reducing nitrogen (N) flux from these streams is a key goal for resource managers and policymakers.
  • The effectiveness of stream restoration in reducing N export in these regions remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of urban stream restoration in reducing N export to downstream waters in the Chesapeake Bay region.
  • To assess how stream position (upland vs. lowland) and flow conditions (average vs. stormflow) influence N reduction.
  • To determine the cost-effectiveness and optimal design strategies for N reduction through stream restoration.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed N flux in restored urban and suburban streams across different watershed positions and flow conditions.
  • Compared N reduction in upland vs. lowland restored streams.
  • Analyzed the impact of stream-wetland complexes on N flux during high flow events.

Main Results:

  • Lowland streams with low discharge and high N concentrations effectively reduced in-stream N flux during low flow.
  • Stream-wetland complexes were most effective at reducing N flux during high flow by promoting floodplain inundation.
  • Observed N removal rates were approximately 5% of watershed inputs, with varying N forms processed under different hydrological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Stream restoration can reduce N export, but effectiveness is highly dependent on site-specific factors and design.
  • Restoration designs must incorporate features that enhance N processing and retention across a range of flow conditions.
  • Strategic design, considering watershed position, groundwater influence, flow regimes, and N concentrations, is crucial for successful N flux reduction.