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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
12:44

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Spatial covariation between freshwater and terrestrial ecosystem services.

Robert A Holland1, Felix Eigenbrod, Paul R Armsworth

  • 1Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1O2TN, UK.

Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
|September 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Understanding ecosystem services is key for land-use policy. Freshwater ecosystem services are strongly linked, but not to terrestrial services like carbon storage or biodiversity, except in specific upland regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Ecosystem services are vital for land-use policy, yet their spatial patterns and interrelationships are poorly understood.
  • Freshwater ecosystems significantly influence regional economies and demographics, but comprehensive mapping of their services is lacking.
  • Understanding the links between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem services is crucial for effective environmental management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial relationships between freshwater ecosystem services and terrestrial ecosystem services in England and Wales.
  • To assess how these relationships vary across different spatial scales and regional contexts.
  • To inform the design of land-use policies that support the delivery of multiple ecosystem services.

Main Methods:

  • Examined indicators of riverine water and habitat quality, freshwater biodiversity, and terrestrial ecosystem services (carbon storage, agriculture, recreation).
  • Analyzed relationships between these indicators across England and Wales, considering spatial scales using River Basin Districts.
  • Compared freshwater service indicators with terrestrial biodiversity and other ecosystem services.

Main Results:

  • Strong associations were found between indicators of freshwater ecosystem services.
  • No clear relationships were observed between freshwater services and terrestrial ecosystem services (carbon storage, agriculture, recreation) or terrestrial biodiversity.
  • Potential policy 'win-wins' exist for freshwater services and carbon storage in upland areas, but other terrestrial services showed negative or no relationships.

Conclusions:

  • The delivery of multiple ecosystem services is complex and context-dependent.
  • Regional strategies are necessary to account for variations in ecosystem service relationships.
  • National land-use policies must incorporate regional specificities for effective ecosystem service management.