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Ecological Disturbance02:26

Ecological Disturbance

An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Overview
Ecological Succession02:17

Ecological Succession

Ecological succession is influenced by the processes of facilitation, inhibition, and toleration. Facilitation occurs when early successional species create more favorable ecological conditions for subsequent species, such as enhanced nutrient, water, or light availability. In contrast, inhibition happens when early successional species create unfavorable ecological conditions for potential successive species, such as limiting resource availability. In some cases, later successional species...
Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Habitat Fragmentation02:31

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

JenaTron - An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Plant History and Soil History on Grassland Ecosystem Functioning
09:23

JenaTron - An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Plant History and Soil History on Grassland Ecosystem Functioning

Published on: March 21, 2025

Diversity-function relationships changed in a long-term restoration experiment.

James M Doherty1, John C Callaway, Joy B Zedler

  • 1Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. jdohert1@gmail.com

Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
|September 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biodiversity-ecosystem function theory

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Area of Science:

  • Ecological restoration
  • Plant community ecology
  • Ecosystem function studies

Background:

  • Biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) theory posits that increased species richness enhances ecosystem function.
  • BEF theory's applicability to long-term ecological restoration is uncertain due to reliance on short-term, controlled experiments.
  • Restoration practitioners often use BEF theory to guide species selection, aiming for higher diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of species richness on ecosystem functions in a restored salt marsh.
  • To assess the predictive power of BEF theory in a real-world restoration context over 11 years.
  • To evaluate how different metrics of species richness and ecosystem function influence observed relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Resampling a 1997 experiment manipulating species richness (1, 3, and 6 species per plot).
  • Monitoring plant community composition and multiple ecosystem functions over 11 years.
  • Analyzing diversity-function relationships using both planted and measured species richness, and various functional indicators.

Main Results:

  • Plant assemblages converged to intermediate richness (mean 3.9 species/0.25 m²), with nonrandom compositional shifts.
  • Two dominant species emerged, increasing shoot biomass and negatively impacting species richness.
  • Positive diversity-function relationships weakened over time, differing based on richness metric and function indicator.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term restoration outcomes may deviate from BEF theory predictions, especially after cessation of intensive management.
  • Dominance by a few productive species can reduce overall species richness and alter ecosystem functions.
  • Successful restoration may require establishing both dominant functional species and subordinate species for resilience.