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Related Concept Videos

Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Detection of Plasmodium Sporozoites in Anopheles Mosquitoes using an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Published on: September 30, 2021

Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Malaysia.

B Singh1, C Daneshvar

  • 1Malaria Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 93150 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. bskhaira55@gmail.com

The Medical Journal of Malaysia
|September 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite, is now the fifth cause of human malaria, leading to fatal infections. This review covers its epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment in Malaysia.

Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Parasitology
  • * Public Health

Background:

  • * Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite, is recognized as the fifth cause of human malaria.
  • * It is prevalent in East and West Malaysia, causing over 50% of malaria admissions in some Sarawak hospitals.
  • * Knowlesi malaria poses a significant public health threat due to its potential for fatal human infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide a comprehensive review of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria.
  • * To cover early studies, epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory features, and treatment of knowlesi malaria.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of early studies on P. knowlesi.
  • * Review of epidemiological data on knowlesi malaria distribution and prevalence.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Detection of Plasmodium Sporozoites in Anopheles Mosquitoes using an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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  • * Compilation of information on diagnostic methods, clinical presentations, and treatment protocols.

    • Main Results:

    • * Plasmodium knowlesi is a significant cause of human malaria in Malaysia.
    • * The parasite is widely distributed, with high rates of infection in specific regions.
    • * Fatal infections in humans underscore the importance of understanding this pathogen.

    Conclusions:

    • * Knowlesi malaria requires careful consideration in endemic areas.
    • * Further research and effective management strategies are crucial.
    • * This review synthesizes current knowledge to inform clinical practice and public health efforts.