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Updated: May 29, 2026

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
13:02

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

Noise generated by multiple-jet nozzles with conical profiles 287

Shaw-Ching Sheen1

  • 1Department of Occupational Safety and Hygiene, Tajen University, Pingtong, Taiwan. scsheen@seed.net.tw

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics : JOSE
|September 24, 2011
PubMed

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Free Jet01:14

Free Jet

Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:
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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Normal to a Streamline

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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
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Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline

Bernoulli's equation relates the energy conservation in a fluid moving along a streamline. The equation applies to incompressible and inviscid fluids under steady flow. For such a flow, Newton's second law is applied to a small fluid element, which experiences forces due to pressure differences, gravity, and velocity variations. The force balance leads to the following form of Bernoulli's equation:
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Bernoulli's Principle: Applications

There are many devices and situations in which fluid flows at a constant height and so can be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. These devices include, but are not limited to, entrainment devices and fluid flow measuring devices.
Entrainment devices use a high fluid speed to create low pressures and, thus, entrain one fluid into another. Some examples of these devices are given below: