Related Concept Videos
01:14Free Jet
Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:
01:17Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates
Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
01:16Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Normal to a Streamline
Bernoulli's equation for flow normal to a streamline explains how pressure varies across curved streamlines due to the outward centrifugal forces induced by the fluid's curvature. The pressure is higher on the inner side of the curve, near the center of curvature, and decreases outward to balance these centrifugal forces.
The pressure difference depends on the fluid's velocity and radius of curvature. The pressure variation is minimal in flows with nearly straight streamlines. However, the...
The pressure difference depends on the fluid's velocity and radius of curvature. The pressure variation is minimal in flows with nearly straight streamlines. However, the...
01:23Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes
Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
01:30Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline
Bernoulli's equation relates the energy conservation in a fluid moving along a streamline. The equation applies to incompressible and inviscid fluids under steady flow. For such a flow, Newton's second law is applied to a small fluid element, which experiences forces due to pressure differences, gravity, and velocity variations. The force balance leads to the following form of Bernoulli's equation:
01:17Bernoulli's Principle: Applications
There are many devices and situations in which fluid flows at a constant height and so can be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. These devices include, but are not limited to, entrainment devices and fluid flow measuring devices.
Entrainment devices use a high fluid speed to create low pressures and, thus, entrain one fluid into another. Some examples of these devices are given below:
Entrainment devices use a high fluid speed to create low pressures and, thus, entrain one fluid into another. Some examples of these devices are given below:
You might also read
Related Articles
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Sort by
Same author
Effect of exit spacing in a multiple-jet nozzle on noise levels at audible frequencies.
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene·2011
Same author
On using multiple-jet nozzles to suppress industrial jet noise.
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene·2007
Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2026
13:02
Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
Published on: February 27, 2016
Noise generated by multiple-jet nozzles with conical profiles 287.
1Department of Occupational Safety and Hygiene, Tajen University, Pingtong, Taiwan. scsheen@seed.net.tw
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics : JOSE
|September 24, 2011
Summary
Conical multiple-jet nozzles effectively reduce audible noise by shifting sound power to ultrasonic frequencies. Exit spacing influences noise spectra, with denser distributions potentially increasing lower-frequency audible noise.
Area of Science:
- Acoustics and Fluid Dynamics
- Mechanical Engineering
Background:
- Nozzle design is critical for managing fluid flow and associated noise.
- Traditional single-jet nozzles are prone to blockage, necessitating alternative designs.
- Understanding noise emission characteristics of multiple-jet nozzles is essential for noise reduction strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the noise reduction effectiveness of conical multiple-jet nozzles.
- To investigate the impact of nozzle exit spacing and configuration on noise spectra.
- To determine the relationship between nozzle design and audible noise levels.
Main Methods:
- Experimental testing of conical multiple-jet nozzles with varying exit spacings.
- Acoustic measurements to analyze sound power distribution across frequencies.
- Comparison of noise characteristics for different exit configurations (flat vs. beveled).
Main Results:
- Multiple-jet nozzles significantly reduce noise in the audible range by shifting sound power to higher and ultrasonic frequencies.
- No substantial difference in noise characteristics was found between flat and beveled exit distributions.
- Denser exit spacing led to a spectral shift back towards lower frequencies, increasing audible noise in specific bands.
Conclusions:
- Conical multiple-jet nozzles offer a viable method for reducing overall noise emissions.
- Exit spacing is a critical parameter influencing the frequency distribution of emitted sound.
- While total sound power may decrease, localized increases in audible noise due to dense spacing require consideration for practical applications.