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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

Seizures l: Introduction

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

Epilepsy ll: Types

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...

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Predictability and Resetting in a Case of Convulsive Status Epilepticus.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Published on: January 19, 2019

Seizure prediction and its applications.

Leon D Iasemidis¹

¹The Harrington Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA. iasemidis@asu.edu

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America

|September 24, 2011

Summary

Real-time seizure prediction offers novel diagnostic and treatment tools for epilepsy. This technology could prevent injuries and enable closed-loop neuromodulation systems for better seizure control.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Epilepsy involves abnormal brain electrical activity causing seizures.
Current epilepsy management lacks real-time predictive capabilities.
Disruptions in brain function can be localized or widespread.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of real-time seizure prediction.
To highlight applications for patient warnings and automated interventions.
To integrate seizure prediction into advanced epilepsy treatments.

Main Methods:

Analysis of brain electrical activity patterns.
Development of algorithms for real-time event detection.
Exploration of closed-loop neuromodulation system integration.

Main Results:

Real-time seizure prediction is feasible.
Potential for patient-specific warnings and interventions.
Demonstrated utility in advanced neuromodulation.

Conclusions:

Seizure prediction represents a significant advancement in epilepsy care.
It enables proactive management and personalized treatment strategies.
Future applications include automated seizure control systems.