Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reinforcement01:23

Reinforcement

Positive and negative reinforcement are key concepts in operant conditioning, a learning process where the consequences of a behavior affect the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, increasing the frequency of that behavior. For example:
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
Operant Conditioning01:21

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, involves using reinforcement and punishment to alter the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. B.F. introduced this type of conditioning. Skinner focused on voluntary behaviors and the consequences that follow them, influencing whether these behaviors will be strengthened or diminished.
Reinforcement in operant conditioning can be positive or negative, both of which serve to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Positive...
Punishment01:27

Punishment

Negative reinforcement and punishment are often confused but serve distinct functions in behavior modification. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a desired behavior, while punishment decreases it.
Punishment can be positive or negative. Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, such as scolding, to decrease a behavior. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away a favorite toy, to decrease behavior.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reducing confounding in natural experiments: evaluating a multilevel matching approach.

Journal of experimental criminology·2026
Same author

Opioid Message Fatigue in the United States: Prevalence and Associations with Stigma and Policy Support.

Substance use & misuse·2026
Same author

Trauma care in Morocco: observations and opportunities from an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) delegation visit.

Trauma surgery & acute care open·2026
Same author

"So what's gonna happen when I get out of here?" Qualitative barriers and facilitators to MOUD continuity post-release from jail.

Drug and alcohol dependence·2026
Same author

Money Helps: Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation Among People Experiencing Homelessness.

Substance use & misuse·2026
Same author

Contingency management in the treatment of substance use disorders: A historical narrative.

Preventive medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

A Treatment Package without Escape Extinction to Address Food Selectivity
04:23

A Treatment Package without Escape Extinction to Address Food Selectivity

Published on: August 21, 2015

Adding positive reinforcement in justice settings: acceptability and feasibility.

Danielle S Rudes1, Faye S Taxman, Shannon Portillo

  • 1George Mason University, USA. drudes@gmu.edu

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
|September 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Contingency management (CM) shows promise for drug abstinence but faces implementation challenges in criminal justice. The Justice Steps study found CM acceptable but noted issues with target behaviors, organizational hurdles, and overemphasis on sanctions.

More Related Videos

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
14:32

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

A Treatment Package without Escape Extinction to Address Food Selectivity
04:23

A Treatment Package without Escape Extinction to Address Food Selectivity

Published on: August 21, 2015

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
14:32

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Addiction treatment
  • Criminal justice behavioral health
  • Implementation science

Background:

  • Contingency management (CM) is a highly effective evidence-based practice for substance abuse treatment.
  • CM adoption in criminal justice settings, where substance abuse is prevalent, is notably low.
  • Existing treatment programs face significant barriers to implementing CM protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the acceptability and feasibility of implementing a CM-based protocol in criminal justice settings.
  • To identify challenges encountered during the initial phase of CM implementation in justice settings.
  • To inform strategies for improving the adoption of CM in criminal justice.

Main Methods:

  • The Justice Steps (JSTEPS) study employed a longitudinal, mixed-method design.
  • Qualitative data were collected during Phase 1 of the JSTEPS project.
  • The study focused on five criminal justice settings to assess CM implementation.

Main Results:

  • CM was found to be acceptable and feasible within the studied justice agencies.
  • Challenges included incorporating too many target behaviors into CM models.
  • Intraorganizational difficulties and an overemphasis on sanctions over rewards were also identified.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges, CM demonstrates potential for use in criminal justice settings.
  • Addressing identified barriers is crucial for successful CM implementation.
  • Findings support the dissemination and adoption of CM as an evidence-based treatment in criminal justice.