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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

Published on: July 8, 2013

Electrically controlled nonlinear generation of light with plasmonics.

Wenshan Cai¹, Alok P Vasudev, Mark L Brongersma

¹Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 24, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate electrically tunable harmonic generation of light using plasmonic nanocavities. Applying voltage to the nanostructure modulates light intensity, enabling voltage-dependent nonlinear optical effects for compact photonic devices.

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Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

Photonics and nanotechnology
Nonlinear optics
Plasmonics

Background:

Plasmonics enables ultracompact optical devices with extreme light concentration.
Plasmonic properties are suitable for dynamic nanoscale control of nonlinear optical interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate electrically tunable harmonic generation of light from a plasmonic nanocavity.
To investigate voltage-controlled nonlinear optical effects at the nanoscale.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a plasmonic nanocavity filled with a nonlinear medium.
Utilizing cavity metals as electrodes to apply electric fields across the nonlinear material.
Frequency doubling of a 1.56 micrometer fundamental wave and intensity modulation via applied voltage.

Main Results:

Successful demonstration of electrically tunable harmonic generation.
Observation of voltage-dependent nonlinear generation with a normalized magnitude of approximately 7% per volt.
Modulation of light intensity by applying external voltage.

Conclusions:

Plasmonic nanocavities can be used for dynamically controlling nonlinear optical interactions.
Electrical tuning of harmonic generation is achievable with moderate voltages.
This approach offers a route to integrated, tunable nonlinear photonic devices.