Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of the Impact of Cochlear Implantation on Patients' Working Life: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Long-term Follow-up Results of Tinnitus and Dizziness Disorders in Patients after SARS-CoV-2 Infection Based on a Questionnaire

Balkan medical journal·2022
Same author

Cerebrospinal Fluid Gusher in Cochlear Implantation and Its Association with Inner-Ear Malformations.

The journal of international advanced otology·2022
Same author

Surgical Methods and Auditory Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Cochlear Ossification.

The journal of international advanced otology·2022
Same author

The Relationship Between Degree of Nasal Septum Deviation With Sinonasal Structures and Variations.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2021
Same author

The Effects of Round Window Membrane Injury and the Use of a Model Electrode Application on Hearing in Rats.

Ear, nose, & throat journal·2021
Same journal

Caffeine Consumption and Rhinologic Symptom Severity.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same journal

Ethical Considerations in Using the Pernkopf Atlas in Otolaryngology Education Ethics in Practice: Point-Counterpoint.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same journal

Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Recurrence in HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer After Transoral Robotic Surgery.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same journal

PEAK-II Trach: A Multi-Institutional Quality Improvement/Simulation Study Assessing Pediatric Emergency Readiness.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same journal

Clinical Features, Treatment, and Outcomes for Oropharyngeal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same journal

Extended Reality in Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited
07:35

The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited

Published on: February 16, 2022

Revision stapes surgery.

Mehmet Ziya Ozüer1, Levent Olgun, Gürol Gültekin

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izmir Teaching and Research Hospital and CI Center, Izmir, Turkey. ozuer@yahoo.com

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|September 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Revision stapes surgery can restore hearing in many patients, particularly those with conductive hearing loss after initial surgery. This study found 71% achieved satisfactory hearing outcomes.

More Related Videos

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach
09:20

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach

Published on: March 5, 2022

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
02:37

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma

Published on: December 15, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited
07:35

The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited

Published on: February 16, 2022

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach
09:20

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach

Published on: March 5, 2022

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
02:37

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma

Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Stapes surgery for otosclerosis typically yields good hearing results.
  • Revision stapes surgery may be necessary due to hearing loss, dizziness, or sound distortion.
  • Evaluating revision surgery outcomes is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess surgical findings in revision stapes procedures.
  • To determine hearing outcomes following revision stapes surgery.
  • To identify ideal candidates for revision stapes surgery.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective case series review of 84 revision stapes surgeries.
  • Data collected from 1998 to 2009 at a tertiary referral center.
  • Analysis of operative findings and audiological results, including air-bone gap.

Main Results:

  • Prosthesis issues (51 cases) and fibrotic bands (26 cases) were common findings.
  • Successful hearing (air-bone gap <10 dB) achieved in 58% of cases.
  • Satisfactory hearing (air-bone gap <20 dB) achieved in 71% of cases, with a mean improvement of 13.2 dB.

Conclusions:

  • Revision stapes surgery is effective for patients with conductive hearing loss post-initial procedure.
  • Optimal candidates have prior benefit from stapes surgery but developed subsequent hearing loss.
  • Mean air-bone gap after revision surgery was 9.6 dB, indicating significant hearing improvement.