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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated, individuals become less...
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
Coping Strategies: Problem Focused01:27

Coping Strategies: Problem Focused

Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

Measuring and reducing college students' procrastination.

Christopher J Perrin1, Neal Miller, Alayna T Haberlin

  • 1The Ohio State University, USA. chrisperrin@melmark.org

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
|September 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

College students procrastinate less on studying when online materials are contingent on completing previous tasks. This contingent access also improved quiz scores compared to noncontingent access, promoting better study habits.

Keywords:
college instructionprocrastinationself-controlstudy habits

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Procrastination in college students is a significant barrier to academic success.
  • Understanding study behaviors for in-class quizzes is crucial for improving learning outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different online study material delivery schedules on student procrastination.
  • To compare the effectiveness of contingent versus noncontingent access to study materials on academic performance.

Main Methods:

  • A multiple baseline design was employed to compare two online practice quiz delivery schedules.
  • Student procrastination and study distribution were observed under noncontingent and contingent access conditions.
  • Academic performance was measured by percentage correct scores on weekly in-class quizzes relative to pretests.

Main Results:

  • Students exhibited significant procrastination when online study material was provided noncontingently.
  • Contingent access to study materials led to more evenly distributed studying patterns.
  • Mean percentage correct scores on quizzes were higher under the contingent access condition compared to noncontingent access.

Conclusions:

  • Making online study materials contingent on prior task completion can effectively reduce student procrastination.
  • Contingent access to study resources is a viable strategy for improving academic performance in college students.
  • Interventions that structure study material access can promote more consistent and effective learning behaviors.