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Updated: May 29, 2026

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color
Published on: February 20, 2014
Effects of general-case training, instructions, rehearsal, and feedback on the reduction of sight-reading errors by
Nancy Ellen Dib1, Peter Sturmey
1City University of New York Graduate Center and Queens College, NY, USA. DibNancy@aol.com
Abstract:
We used general-case training, instructions, rehearsal, and feedback to teach 3 advanced flute students to improve their sight-reading skills. Training resulted in systematic decreases in note errors, rhythm errors, repetitions, and hesitations for each participant. The procedures and outcomes were socially validated through subjective evaluation by the participants and music teachers not involved with the study.
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