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Related Concept Videos

Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
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Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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Published on: April 2, 2012

Neonatal herpes simplex virus.

Alberto Berardi1, Licia Lugli, Cecilia Rossi

  • 1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Italy. berardi.alberto@policlinico.mo.it

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection, often acquired during birth, can cause severe disabilities. Prompt diagnosis and high-dose antiviral therapy significantly reduce mortality rates in newborns.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a significant threat to newborns, potentially causing death or lifelong disabilities.
  • Transmission typically occurs during delivery, though in utero transmission is rare.
  • HSV neonatal infections manifest in disseminated, central nervous system, or mucocutaneous forms (skin, eye, mouth).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections.
  • To highlight the impact of antiviral treatment on mortality and morbidity.
  • To discuss strategies for preventing vertical transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on viral isolation from vesicles or mucocutaneous lesions.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is crucial for detecting HSV in various sample types (skin, mucosal, cerebrospinal fluid).
  • PCR also aids in monitoring treatment response.

Main Results:

  • High-dose antiviral treatment has markedly decreased mortality rates associated with neonatal HSV infection.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective management.
  • Prophylactic antiviral treatment shows promise in reducing vertical transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection requires prompt diagnosis and aggressive antiviral therapy.
  • Polymerase chain reaction has become a cornerstone in diagnosing and managing neonatal HSV.
  • Preventive strategies, including prophylactic antiviral medication, are essential to reduce the incidence of neonatal herpes.