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Related Concept Videos

DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a polypeptide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
06:10

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Published on: October 14, 2011

The protein interaction map of bacteriophage lambda.

Seesandra V Rajagopala1, Sherwood Casjens, Peter Uetz

  • 1J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. raja@jcvi.org

BMC Microbiology
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers mapped bacteriophage lambda protein interactions using yeast two-hybrid screens, identifying 97 interactions and revealing new connections for uncharacterized proteins. This work advances understanding of viral protein networks.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
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Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Published on: October 14, 2011

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

Visualizing the Interaction Between the Qdot-labeled Protein and Site-specifically Modified λ DNA at the Single Molecule Level
08:56

Visualizing the Interaction Between the Qdot-labeled Protein and Site-specifically Modified λ DNA at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: July 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Bacteriophage lambda, a model dsDNA phage, has been extensively studied for over 60 years.
  • Despite extensive research, approximately 20 open reading frames in its genome remain poorly understood.
  • A comprehensive understanding requires mapping all protein-protein interactions within the phage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify protein-protein interactions in bacteriophage lambda.
  • To determine the extent of unknown interactions within the lambda proteome.
  • To construct a network model of lambda protein interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Cloned 68 of 73 lambda open reading frames (ORFeome) into Gateway vectors.
  • Performed exhaustive array-based yeast two-hybrid screens to test all protein interactions.
  • Compiled identified interactions into structural and network models.

Main Results:

  • Identified 97 protein-protein interactions among lambda proteins.
  • Validated 16 of 30 previously published interactions (53% recovery rate).
  • Discovered at least 18 novel, plausible interactions, including those among functionally related proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteriophage lambda serves as a benchmark for studying protein interactions in viruses and large protein assemblies.
  • The inability to detect all known interactions suggests the involvement of chaperones, post-translational modifications, or multi-protein complexes.
  • The constructed protein network links 12 uncharacterized proteins to known ones, aiding in the elucidation of their functions.