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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Probiotics01:22

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Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Applications of Molecular Taxonomy01:20

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
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Published on: August 23, 2019

Invited review: Application of omics tools to understanding probiotic functionality.

J L Baugher1, T R Klaenhammer

  • 1Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.

Journal of Dairy Science
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Probiotics are live microbes conferring health benefits. Advanced omics reveal their mechanisms, including pathogen competition and immune modulation, enhancing host-microbe interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The human gut harbors diverse microbial communities, including permanent and transient species.
  • Bacterial-host interactions range from mutualistic to pathogenic.
  • Probiotics are live microorganisms providing health benefits when consumed adequately.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of probiotic action in the human gut.
  • To understand the specific interactions between probiotics and the host.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced omics tools and sequencing techniques.
  • Analyzing fully sequenced and annotated microbial genomes.
  • Investigating genetic approaches to elucidate probiotic functions.

Main Results:

  • Omic investigations have identified specific probiotic mechanisms of action.
  • Mechanisms include competitive exclusion of pathogens and bacteriocin production.
  • Probiotics interact intimately with the gut epithelium and modulate immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Probiotic functionality is increasingly understood through omics and genetic studies.
  • Diverse mechanisms contribute to probiotic health benefits.
  • Genome analysis accelerates the elucidation of probiotic roles.