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Seizures l: Introduction

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

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Published on: November 8, 2018

Transient hyperammonemia associated with postictal state in generalized convulsion.

Kuan-Ting Liu¹, Shih-Chia Yang, I-Jeng Yeh

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.

The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences

|September 28, 2011

Summary

Transient hyperammonemia, a temporary increase in blood ammonia, is linked to postictal confusion following generalized seizures. Patients with impaired consciousness post-seizure showed significantly higher ammonia levels.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Clinical Chemistry

Background:

Transient hyperammonemia has been observed following generalized convulsions.
The relationship between the postictal state and serum ammonia levels requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the association between the postictal state and serum ammonia levels in adult patients presenting with seizures.
To compare serum ammonia levels in patients with complete versus incomplete recovery of consciousness after a generalized convulsion.

Main Methods:

Adult patients presenting to the emergency department with seizures were enrolled.
Serum ammonia levels and other blood tests were compared between two groups: those with full recovery of consciousness and those with persistent postictal impairment.
Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of observed differences.

Main Results:

Patients with incomplete consciousness recovery (100%) exhibited a significantly higher rate of hyperammonemia compared to those with full recovery (40%, p=0.035).
Serum ammonia levels were markedly elevated in patients with postictal consciousness impairment (246 ± 96 microg/dL) versus those fully recovered (102 ± 99 microg/dL, p=0.006).
All patients presenting with postictal consciousness impairment had elevated serum ammonia levels upon emergency department arrival.

Conclusions:

Transient hyperammonemia is significantly associated with postictal confusion.
Elevated serum ammonia levels may serve as a biomarker for impaired consciousness in the postictal state.