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Walking while talking: investigation of alternate forms.

Tamar C Brandler1, Mooyeon Oh-Park, Cuiling Wang

  • 1Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. TBrandler@nshs.edu

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Summary

Developing alternate forms of the walking while talking (WWT) test is crucial for accurate tracking of cognitive and motor skills in older adults. Starting the WWT task at the beginning of the alphabet, not mid-alphabet, yields better results.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The walking while talking (WWT) dual task is a common assessment for older adults.
  • Practice effects can reduce the accuracy of repeated WWT assessments.
  • Developing alternate WWT forms is needed to mitigate practice effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create alternative forms of the WWT dual task.
  • To investigate if starting the WWT task at different points in the alphabet impacts performance.
  • To assess the suitability of alternate WWT forms for reducing practice effects.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involved 145 community-residing older adults (mean age 79.2 years).
  • Participants performed WWT trials starting with different letters (a, b, m, n).
  • Performance metrics included gait velocity, correct letter count, and errors.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in WWT performance when starting with letters from the same alphabet segment (a vs. b; m vs. n).
  • WWT trials starting at the beginning of the alphabet (a, b) showed significantly more correct letters and fewer errors than mid-alphabet starts (m, n).
  • Gait velocity did not differ significantly based on the starting letter's alphabet position.

Conclusions:

  • Starting the WWT task at the beginning of the alphabet yields different outcomes than starting mid-alphabet.
  • Alternate WWT forms using initial letters from the same alphabet segment (e.g., 'a' and 'b') are viable for reducing practice effects in repeated testing.
  • These findings support the use of specific alternate WWT forms for more reliable longitudinal assessments in older adults.