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Updated: May 29, 2026
06:38
A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
Published on: April 12, 2017
Second-line therapy for refractory renal-cell carcinoma.
Fable Zustovich1, Giuseppe Lombardi, Ornella Nicoletto
1Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy. fable.zustovich@ioveneto.it
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|September 28, 2011
Summary
Targeted therapies like VEGF/VEGFR and mTOR inhibitors have improved metastatic renal cancer outcomes. This review evaluates evidence for optimal second-line targeted agent selection after initial treatment.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Medical Research
Background:
- Metastatic renal cancer treatment has been revolutionized by targeted therapies.
- Six agents (sorafenib, sunitinib, temsirolimus, bevacizumab, everolimus, pazopanib) show improved outcomes in clinical trials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence for targeted agents in second-line metastatic renal cancer therapy.
- To guide clinical decisions for optimal second-line treatment strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of randomized controlled trials and clinical data.
- Analysis of targeted agents' efficacy in second-line settings.
Main Results:
- First-line therapy choices are established, but second-line treatment efficacy is less clear.
- Evidence for using mTOR inhibitors or a second tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) after VEGF/VEGFR inhibition is under evaluation.
Conclusions:
- Further research is needed to define the best second-line targeted therapy approach.
- A practical clinical approach is required to optimize treatment decisions for individual patients.
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