Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
06:38

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

Published on: April 12, 2017

Second-line therapy for refractory renal-cell carcinoma

Fable Zustovich1, Giuseppe Lombardi, Ornella Nicoletto

  • 1Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy. fable.zustovich@ioveneto.it

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|September 28, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Targeted therapies like VEGF/VEGFR and mTOR inhibitors have improved metastatic renal cancer outcomes. This review evaluates evidence for optimal second-line targeted agent selection after initial treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Metastatic renal cancer treatment has been revolutionized by targeted therapies.
  • Six agents (sorafenib, sunitinib, temsirolimus, bevacizumab, everolimus, pazopanib) show improved outcomes in clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence for targeted agents in second-line metastatic renal cancer therapy.
  • To guide clinical decisions for optimal second-line treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of randomized controlled trials and clinical data.
  • Analysis of targeted agents' efficacy in second-line settings.

Main Results:

  • First-line therapy choices are established, but second-line treatment efficacy is less clear.
  • Evidence for using mTOR inhibitors or a second tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) after VEGF/VEGFR inhibition is under evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to define the best second-line targeted therapy approach.
  • A practical clinical approach is required to optimize treatment decisions for individual patients.

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