Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A susceptible cluster in a religious camp allowed 2018-2019 measles outbreak in Japan: resurgence of a formerly eliminated virus.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same author

Modeling the emergence of divergent mutants of SARS-CoV-2, "Omicron-like events": A time-to-event analysis.

Journal of infection and public health·2026
Same author

Muscle Oxygen Saturation Responses During Maximal and Submaximal Exercise According to <i>SLC16A1 (MCT1)</i> Gene Polymorphism in Long-Distance Runners: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Genes·2025
Same author

Correction: Evaluating the COVID-19 vaccination program in Japan, 2021 using the counterfactual reproduction number.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

A case of type 1 diabetes mellitus with a single-positive zinc transporter 8 antibody who developed diabetic ketoacidosis during chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.

Diabetology international·2025
Same author

Slowly progressive type 1 diabetes and female sex as associated factors for pancreatic abnormalities on diagnostic imaging indicating precancerous potential.

BMJ open diabetes research & care·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

A 3D System for Culturing Human Articular Chondrocytes in Synovial Fluid
09:58

A 3D System for Culturing Human Articular Chondrocytes in Synovial Fluid

Published on: January 31, 2012

Thyroid-specific gene expression in chondrocytes.

Toyoshi Endo1, Tetsuro Kobayashi

  • 1Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan. endot@yamanashi.ac.jp

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Chondrocytes express thyroid-specific genes, including thyroglobulin (Tg). Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) activates Tg gene expression in these cells, suggesting chondrocytes can initiate aspects of the thyroid gene program.

More Related Videos

A 5-mC Dot Blot Assay Quantifying the DNA Methylation Level of Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation In Vitro
10:07

A 5-mC Dot Blot Assay Quantifying the DNA Methylation Level of Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation In Vitro

Published on: May 17, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

A 3D System for Culturing Human Articular Chondrocytes in Synovial Fluid
09:58

A 3D System for Culturing Human Articular Chondrocytes in Synovial Fluid

Published on: January 31, 2012

A 5-mC Dot Blot Assay Quantifying the DNA Methylation Level of Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation In Vitro
10:07

A 5-mC Dot Blot Assay Quantifying the DNA Methylation Level of Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation In Vitro

Published on: May 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Runx2 (Cbfa1/AML3), a chondrocyte-specific transcription factor, is known to stimulate thyroglobulin (Tg) gene expression in mouse thyroid glands.
  • Thyroid-specific genes like TTF-1, Pax-8, Tg, TPO, and NIS are crucial for thyroid function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of thyroid-specific genes in non-thyroidal tissues, specifically trachea and bronchus.
  • To determine if chondrocytes can activate parts of the thyroid gene expression program.
  • To elucidate the role of TTF-1 in regulating Tg gene expression in chondrocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Reverse transcription of RNA from mouse trachea, bronchus, and liver to detect specific cDNAs.
  • Quantitative analysis of Tg mRNA levels in trachea, bronchus, and cultured chondrocytes (ATDC-5 cells).
  • Gel shift assays and Tg gene reporter assays to assess TTF-1's activity on the Tg gene.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), Pax-8, Tg, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) cDNAs were detected in mouse trachea and bronchus but not in liver.
  • Tg mRNA levels in trachea and bronchus were significantly lower than in thyroid glands.
  • Cultured chondrocytes (ATDC-5 cells) showed a 30-fold increase in Tg mRNA compared to undifferentiated cells.
  • TTF-1 was found to stimulate Tg gene expression in chondrocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Chondrocytes possess the capability to activate certain aspects of the thyroid gene expression program.
  • TTF-1 plays a significant role in regulating Tg gene expression within chondrocytes.
  • These findings suggest a potential overlap in gene regulatory mechanisms between chondrocytes and thyroid cells.