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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

"Micromanaging" metabolic syndrome.

Cristina M Ramírez1, Leigh Goedeke, Carlos Fernández-Hernando

  • 1Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNA-33 (miR-33) plays a key role in regulating cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. Targeting miR-33 offers potential for treating metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Metabolic diseases stem from dysregulated biological pathways.
  • Small non-coding RNAs, like microRNAs (miRNAs), are crucial post-transcriptional regulators involved in various pathologies.
  • MicroRNA-33 (miR-33), located within sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) genes, influences lipid metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of miR-33 in metabolic homeostasis.
  • To explore the regulatory functions of miR-33 in cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of targeting miR-33 for cardiometabolic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of miR-33's role in cholesterol efflux and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) formation.

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

  • Investigation of miR-33's impact on fatty acid oxidation.
  • Examination of miR-33's effect on insulin signaling pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • miR-33 was found to regulate cholesterol efflux and HDL production.
    • miR-33 influences fatty acid oxidation pathways.
    • miR-33 impacts insulin signaling, indicating its broad role in metabolic control.

    Conclusions:

    • miR-33 acts in concert with its host SREBP genes to maintain metabolic balance.
    • miR-33 is a significant regulator of key metabolic processes.
    • miRNAs, specifically miR-33, represent promising therapeutic targets for cardiometabolic diseases.