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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...

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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F&#8722;
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Published on: July 27, 2018

Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: from wavepackets to observables.

Guorong Wu1, Paul Hockett, Albert Stolow

  • 1Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) offers insights into molecular dynamics. This overview details TRPES methods, from basic yield measurements to advanced angle-resolved techniques for studying excited states.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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Published on: July 27, 2018

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
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Published on: August 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Molecular Spectroscopy
  • Quantum Dynamics

Background:

  • Intramolecular dynamics, especially excited-state non-adiabatic dynamics in polyatomic molecules, are crucial for understanding chemical reactions.
  • Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) is a key experimental technique for probing these ultrafast molecular processes.
  • Various levels of TRPES measurements exist, offering different resolutions in time, energy, and angle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a pedagogical overview of time-resolved photoionization measurements.
  • To provide a conceptual framework and discuss the relevant theory behind different TRPES measurement types.
  • To illustrate the application of TRPES in studying diverse excited-state molecular dynamics problems.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of time-resolved photoelectron yield measurements.
  • Explanation of time- and energy-resolved photoelectron yield techniques.
  • Detailed examination of time-, energy-, and angle-resolved photoelectron yield measurements, including molecular frame angular distributions.

Main Results:

  • Theoretical concepts are illustrated using simple models.
  • Experimental examples showcase TRPES applications, from vibrational wavepackets to coupled electronic-nuclear motion.
  • Angle-resolved measurements in the molecular frame are highlighted as the most complete method for identifying intermediate electronic states in non-adiabatic dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • TRPES is a versatile and powerful technique for investigating complex molecular dynamics.
  • Different TRPES measurement levels provide complementary information about excited-state processes.
  • Advanced TRPES techniques, particularly angle-resolved measurements, are essential for a comprehensive understanding of non-adiabatic dynamics.