Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

First Pass Effect

First Pass Effect

Presystemic elimination, or the first-pass effect, is the metabolism of drugs that reduces their effective concentration at the site of action. Apart from the first-pass effect, the systemic bioavailability of the drug is also reduced by other factors, including incomplete absorption or chemical degradation of drugs.
Depending on the route of administration, drugs can be metabolized in the liver, intestine, lungs, and vasculature. Orally administered drugs are first absorbed through the...

Projectile Motion: Example

Projectile Motion: Example

The theory of projectile motion is very useful for players of several sports to improve their performance. For example, a javelin thrower needs to throw their javelin in such a way that it travels as far as possible. The javelin thrower takes a short run-up to increase the initial speed of the javelin. The range of a projectile is at its maximum at a 45° angle so javelin throwers try to angle their throw as close to 45° as possible.
When we speak of the range (R) of a projectile on level...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Accelerometer-derived movement phenotypes and adolescent mental health in pediatric obesity: A causal machine-learning study.

International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP·2026

Same author

Passive exercise provides a simultaneous and postexercise executive function benefit.

Frontiers in cognition·2026

Same author

Pedal cadence differentially impacts cerebral blood flow but not a postexercise executive function benefit: evidence from active and passive exercise.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026

Same author

Feasibility and exploratory cognitive outcomes of three exercise modalities in oldest-old adults in assisted living facilities: A 24-week pilot randomized controlled trial.

Journal of affective disorders·2026

Same author

Timing of MVPA and psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with overweight/obesity.

International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP·2026

Same author

All Is Relative-A Call for Considering "Physiologically Informed" Control Conditions to Improve the Mechanistic Understanding of the Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognition.

Scandinavian journal of psychology·2026

Same journal

Effects of tDCS and tACS on operant tactile training: investigating individual differences in neuromodulation efficacy.

Experimental brain research·2026

Same journal

Investigating the effects of different exercise protocols on depressive-like behaviors and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rodents: a systematic review.

Experimental brain research·2026

Same journal

Inward platform translations during treadmill walking enhance lateral weight shift and paretic leg engagement in chronic stroke.

Experimental brain research·2026

Same journal

Effects of lumbar disc injury and nociception on trunk motor control during rat locomotion.

Experimental brain research·2026

Same journal

Changes in synergy formation and modulation during cyclic finger force production tasks in female adults with dystonic cerebral palsy.

Experimental brain research·2026

Same journal

Molecular links between reelin downregulation, topoisomerase IIβ alterations, and proteins involved in Alzheimer pathology in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line.

Experimental brain research·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Preceding movement effects on sequential aiming.

Darian T Cheng¹, John De Grosbois, Jonathan Smirl

¹University of British Columbia, FIN323-3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.

Experimental Brain Research

|September 28, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals adjust movement time based on changing target size, but not immediately for altered movement amplitude. Memory representations guide movements selectively, depending on task context.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

Published on: November 22, 2021

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

Published on: November 22, 2021

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Area of Science:

Motor Control
Human Movement Science
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Sequential aiming movements are fundamental to daily tasks.
Understanding motor control adaptation is crucial for rehabilitation and performance enhancement.
Previous research suggests varying mechanisms for movement planning and execution.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how individuals adjust aiming movement control strategies when task difficulty changes mid-sequence.
To differentiate the influence of target size versus movement amplitude perturbations on motor control.
To explore the role of memory representations in guiding subsequent movements.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted involving sequential aiming movements.
Experiment 1 manipulated target size midway through movement sequences.
Experiment 2 altered movement amplitude while keeping target size constant.

Main Results:

Following target size changes, participants took two movements to adapt movement time.
Changes in movement amplitude resulted in immediate adjustments to movement time.
Movement time adaptation differed based on whether target size or amplitude was perturbed.

Conclusions:

Motor control adapts selectively; memory representations of prior movements guide subsequent actions only when target size changes.
Immediate, target-derived information is prioritized when movement amplitude is altered mid-sequence.
Findings challenge some existing models of visual movement control, highlighting context-dependent memory access.