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Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

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Retinal changes in various altitude illnesses.

R Arora¹, K N Jha, B Sathian

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Kaski 13402, Nepal. reemaoph@yahoo.com

Singapore Medical Journal

|September 28, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High-altitude retinopathy, including retinal hemorrhages, affects 58% of soldiers with altitude illness. Severe retinopathy is linked to high-altitude pulmonary or cerebral edema, potentially causing visual impairment.

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Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Altitude Medicine
Military Health

Background:

Altitude illness poses significant health risks to military personnel operating at high elevations.
Retinal changes are a potential indicator of altitude-related physiological stress.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of retinal alterations in young soldiers diagnosed with altitude illness.
To determine the association between specific altitude illnesses and the severity of retinal findings.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 50 male soldiers with altitude illness referred to a tertiary care hospital.
Clinical evaluation and documentation of retinal changes, including hemorrhages and retinopathy grades.
Correlation of retinal findings with diagnosed conditions: acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE).

Main Results:

Retinal hemorrhages were present in 58% of soldiers.
Severe high-altitude retinopathy predominantly occurred in soldiers with HAPE and HACE.
Branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema was an observed complication.
Visual recovery was complete in 76% of affected soldiers, with partial impairment in 17% and permanent loss in 7%.

Conclusions:

Retinal hemorrhages are a common finding in soldiers experiencing altitude illness.
The severity of high-altitude retinopathy significantly correlates with HAPE and HACE.
Branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema represents a novel finding in this cohort.