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Related Concept Videos

Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
13:34

Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip

Published on: September 29, 2012

The export factor Yra1 modulates mRNA 3' end processing.

Sara A Johnson1, Hyunmin Kim, Benjamin Erickson

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mRNA export factor Yra1 influences Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNA 3' end formation by regulating the cleavage-polyadenylation factor CF1A. Yra1 depletion alters poly(A) site choice, suggesting a role in co-transcriptional processing.

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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
13:34

Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip

Published on: September 29, 2012

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
11:32

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Yeast Genetics
  • RNA Processing

Background:

  • The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNA export adaptor Yra1 interacts with the Pcf11 subunit of cleavage-polyadenylation factor CF1A.
  • This interaction is crucial for linking mRNA export to 3' end formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Yra1 in mRNA 3' end processing.
  • To elucidate how Yra1 influences the recruitment and function of CF1A.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro binding assays to study Yra1 and CF1A subunit interactions.
  • Yra1 depletion experiments in yeast to assess effects on 3' end processing and poly(A) site choice.
  • Analysis of Clp1 recruitment at gene 3' ends.

Main Results:

  • Yra1 competes with Clp1 for Pcf11 binding, and excess Yra1 inhibits 3' processing in vitro.
  • Yra1 release at gene 3' ends coincides with Clp1 recruitment, and Yra1 depletion enhances Clp1 recruitment.
  • Yra1 depletion leads to widespread changes in poly(A) site selection, particularly affecting specific efficiency element configurations.

Conclusions:

  • Yra1 plays an unexpected role in regulating mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation.
  • CF1A may not be recruited as a complete unit; Clp1 incorporation can be co-transcriptionally regulated by Yra1.
  • Yra1 influences cleavage-polyadenylation by modulating the co-transcriptional assembly of the CF1A factor.