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Updated: May 29, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Mandibular advancement devices are an alternative and valid treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Maria Pia Villa1, Silvia Miano, Alessandra Rizzoli
1Department of Pediatrics, Sleep Disease Centre, University of Rome La Sapienza-Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via Grottarossa 1035/1039, Rome, 00189, Italy. mariapia.villa@uniroma1.it
Background:
Orthodontic and craniofacial abnormalities have often been reported in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). While the reversibility of these craniofacial abnormalities by means of adenotonsillectomy has yet to be established, orthodontic treatment based on oral appliances is considered to be a potential additional treatment for pediatric SDB.
Discussion:
Oral appliances may help improve upper airway patency during sleep by enlarging the upper airway and/or by decreasing upper airway collapsibility, thereby enhancing upper airway muscle tone. Orthodontic therapy should be encouraged in pediatric OSAS, and an early approach may permanently modify nasal breathing and respiration, thereby preventing obstruction of the upper airway.
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