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Related Concept Videos

Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

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Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

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Chest Physiotherapy01:24

Chest Physiotherapy

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Chronic Pharyngitis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors
08:32

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors

Published on: January 3, 2017

Speech therapy for errors secondary to cleft palate and velopharyngeal dysfunction.

Ann W Kummer1

  • 1Division of Speech Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio 45229-3039, USA. ann.kummer@cchmc.org

Seminars in Speech and Language
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Speech sound errors in cleft palate patients may require surgery for structural issues or speech therapy for compensatory errors. Physical management is crucial before speech therapy for optimal outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors
08:32

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors

Published on: January 3, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Craniofacial Anomalies
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Individuals with cleft lip/palate or velopharyngeal dysfunction often exhibit speech sound errors, hypernasality, and nasal emission.
  • Structural anomalies like malocclusion can also cause speech sound distortion.
  • Speech disorders in these populations can stem from obligatory distortions or compensatory errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between conditions requiring physical management and those amenable to speech therapy.
  • To guide clinicians on the appropriate timing and techniques for speech therapy.
  • To provide specific therapeutic strategies for compensatory articulation productions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on speech disorders associated with structural anomalies.
  • Analysis of the distinction between obligatory distortions and compensatory errors.
  • Description of appropriate speech therapy techniques for specific articulation issues.

Main Results:

  • Obligatory distortions, caused by structural abnormalities (e.g., velopharyngeal insufficiency), necessitate physical management (e.g., surgery).
  • Compensatory articulation productions, resulting from altered articulation placement due to structural issues, are best treated with speech therapy.
  • Speech therapy is significantly more effective when implemented after structural normalization.

Conclusions:

  • Physical management is primary for obligatory distortions related to structural anomalies.
  • Speech therapy is indicated for compensatory articulation errors, ideally post-structural normalization.
  • Oral-motor exercises are not effective for improving velopharyngeal function.