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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Anatomy of the Circulatory System02:03

Anatomy of the Circulatory System

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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
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CVSim: An Open-Source Cardiovascular Simulator for Teaching and Research.

Thomas Heldt1, Ramakrishna Mukkamala, George B Moody

  • 1Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

The Open Pacing, Electrophysiology & Therapy Journal
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CVSim, a cardiovascular system model developed since 1984, offers four open-source versions for research and education. These models simulate the human cardiovascular system with varying complexity and features, available on PhysioNet.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Computational Biology
  • Medical Education

Background:

  • Lumped-parameter models of the human cardiovascular system have a long history in research and education.
  • CVSim has been a continuously developed tool for quantitative physiology courses at MIT and Harvard Medical School since 1984.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the development of CVSim over 25 years.
  • To describe the features and differences of four freely available open-source versions of CVSim.
  • To highlight the educational and research applications of CVSim.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of lumped-parameter cardiovascular models.
  • Description of four distinct CVSim versions: six-compartment with baroreflex (C, X-GUI), six-compartment with enhanced regulation (MATLAB), and 6/21-compartment models (C, Java GUI).
  • All versions are available in open-source form via PhysioNet.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct versions of CVSim are presented, varying in compartment number, regulatory system complexity, and implementation language/interface.
  • The models range from a basic six-compartment system with baroreflex to an elaborated 21-compartment model.
  • All presented versions are freely accessible as open-source software.

Conclusions:

  • CVSim provides a versatile platform for both research and teaching quantitative physiology.
  • The availability of multiple versions caters to different needs in terms of complexity and computational environment.
  • Open-source access facilitates wider adoption and further development in the scientific community.