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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Simultaneous Study of the Recruitment of Monocyte Subpopulations Under Flow In Vitro
09:16

Simultaneous Study of the Recruitment of Monocyte Subpopulations Under Flow In Vitro

Published on: November 26, 2018

Monocytes can be induced to express lymphatic phenotypes.

W Changming1, L Xin, T Hua

  • 1Institute of Anatomy & Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Lymphology
|September 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Monocytes can transform into lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro. This study shows inflammatory conditions can induce monocytes to display lymphatic cell markers, suggesting a new pathway for lymphatic vessel research.

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Quantifying Leukocyte Egress via Lymphatic Vessels from Murine Skin and Tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Monocytes are known to transdifferentiate into blood vascular endothelial cells.
  • The potential for monocytes to differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether monocytes can transdifferentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells.
  • To determine the influence of inflammatory stimuli on this process.

Main Methods:

  • Monocytes were stimulated with various factors including fibronectin (FN), VEGF-C, TNF-alpha, LPS, and IL-3.
  • Expression of lymphatic endothelial markers (LYVE-1, Podoplanin, Prox-1) and common endothelial markers (vWF, eNOS) was analyzed.
  • Monocytes were cultured in endothelial growth medium with FN and VEGF-C for 6 days.

Main Results:

  • Stimulated monocytes expressed specific lymphatic endothelial markers: LYVE-1, Podoplanin, and Prox-1.
  • These cells did not express common endothelial markers vWF or eNOS.
  • Prolonged culture in endothelial growth medium with FN and VEGF-C also resulted in the expression of lymphatic markers.

Conclusions:

  • Monocytes can be readily induced in vitro to exhibit lymphatic endothelial cell phenotypes.
  • Inflammatory environments appear to facilitate this monocyte-to-lymphatic endothelial cell transdifferentiation.