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Bereavement and depression.

P J Clayton1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.

The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bereavement, the reaction to losing a loved one, involves stages like depression and recovery. Increased substance use and mortality in men are key concerns during this difficult period.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Grief Studies
  • Mortality Research

Background:

  • Bereavement is a natural reaction to loss, typically progressing through numbness, depression, and recovery stages.
  • The duration of bereavement resolution varies individually.
  • Bereavement shares depressive symptoms but differs from clinical depression in patient expectations and symptom count.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the stages and characteristics of bereavement.
  • To identify specific risks and morbidities associated with bereavement.
  • To clarify the distinction between bereavement and clinical depression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on bereavement.
  • Comparative analysis of symptoms and experiences in bereaved individuals versus depressed patients.

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  • Examination of mortality data and substance use patterns in bereaved populations.

    • Main Results:

    • Bereavement involves distinct stages: numbness, depression, and recovery.
    • Increased substance use (alcohol, tranquilizers, cigarettes) is a hallmark of bereavement morbidity.
    • Men aged 75 or younger face increased mortality in the first year of bereavement; women and parents do not show this increase.
    • Pathologic grief, characterized by persistent depressive symptoms, affects approximately 15% of newly widowed individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Bereavement is a distinct process from clinical depression, though treatments may overlap.
    • Substance abuse and specific mortality risks are critical considerations in managing bereavement.
    • Understanding the stages and potential complications of grief is essential for appropriate support and intervention.