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Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
09:45

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke

Published on: March 22, 2016

Can stroke cause neurodegenerative dementia?

Toby B Cumming1, Amy Brodtmann

  • 1Stroke Division, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. tcumming@unimelb.edu.au

International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
|September 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Stroke can increase dementia risk, but a direct link to degenerative dementia remains unclear. Further research is needed to identify stroke patients at high risk for dementia.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Stroke and dementia are typically classified as distinct brain injuries: stroke as acute vascular damage and dementia as progressive neurodegeneration.
  • Despite distinct classifications, stroke is known to increase dementia risk, with vascular factors like diabetes and hypertension playing a predisposing role.
  • The precise relationship between stroke and the initiation or promotion of degenerative dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, persists as an area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize evidence examining whether stroke can initiate or promote degenerative dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease.
  • To evaluate the existing evidence from various study types regarding the link between stroke and neurodegenerative processes.
  • To identify gaps in current research, particularly the need for longitudinal studies in stroke patients.

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Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability
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Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Published on: February 23, 2016

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Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
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09:11

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Published on: February 23, 2016

Main Methods:

  • Review of autopsy studies, brain imaging studies, and clinical studies of patients with symptomatic stroke.
  • Inclusion of data from studies on Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL).
  • Analysis of evidence concerning stroke-induced changes in brain volume and cognitive performance.

Main Results:

  • Studies indicate stroke can alter brain volume and cognitive function, though typically differing from Alzheimer's disease patterns.
  • Current evidence is largely circumstantial and does not strongly support stroke as a trigger for neurodegenerative dementia.
  • A significant limitation identified is the lack of longitudinal studies with comprehensive cognitive, imaging, and pathological assessments in stroke patients.

Conclusions:

  • The question of whether stroke initiates or promotes degenerative dementia remains open.
  • While stroke increases dementia risk, a direct causal pathway to neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease is not definitively established.
  • Identifying prognostic markers for dementia in stroke patients is crucial due to the high prevalence and burden of dementia.