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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

Lung cancer vaccines.

Ronan J Kelly1, Giuseppe Giaccone

  • 1Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1457, USA.

Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)
|September 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Lung cancer vaccines are advancing with improved tumor immunology understanding. Future vaccines may require diverse epitopes and strategies to overcome tumor immune evasion for effective treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Early lung cancer vaccine attempts to modulate the immune system have been unsuccessful.
  • Advances in tumor immunology have led to more sophisticated lung cancer vaccine development.
  • Tumor immune evasion mechanisms present significant challenges for therapeutic vaccine efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review promising vaccination strategies for non-small cell lung cancer.
  • To discuss challenges in developing effective lung cancer vaccines, including patient selection and monitoring.
  • To highlight specific vaccine candidates and their targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on lung cancer vaccines.
  • Discussion of immunologic principles relevant to cancer vaccination.

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Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer
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  • Analysis of specific vaccine strategies, including belagenpumatucel-L and target protein-specific vaccines.

    • Main Results:

    • Belagenpumatucel-L, an allogeneic tumor cell vaccine, modifies cancer cells to secrete an antisense oligonucleotide targeting transforming growth factor β2.
    • Target protein-specific vaccines are being developed to induce immune responses against melanoma-associated antigen A3, mucin 1, and epidermal growth factor.
    • Overcoming tumor escape mechanisms will likely require vaccines with multiple epitopes from diverse genes and multiple haplotypes.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective lung cancer vaccines may necessitate a combination of strategies to overcome tumor-induced immunosuppression.
    • Future research should focus on optimizing patient selection, adjuvant use, and immunologic response monitoring.
    • Developing multi-epitope vaccines targeting various tumor antigens holds promise for non-small cell lung cancer treatment.