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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL
07:18

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL

Published on: April 11, 2011

Autologous versus allogeneic cell-based vaccines?

Giorgio Parmiani1, Lorenzo Pilla, Cristina Maccalli

  • 1Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, San Raffaele Foundation Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. parmiani.giorgio@hsr.it

Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)
|September 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Devitalized tumor cell vaccines show limited efficacy in established cancers, despite early promise in animal models. Clinical trials reveal insufficient evidence for strong immune or therapeutic responses, suggesting this approach needs re-evaluation.

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Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
08:52

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Published on: May 27, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Devitalized tumor cells (autologous or allogeneic) have been explored as anti-cancer vaccines to stimulate immune responses against growing tumors.
  • These vaccines, unmodified or gene-modified, were tested in animal models and humans, often with adjuvants, primarily via subcutaneous injection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical efficacy of tumor cell-based cancer vaccines.
  • To identify limitations and potential improvements in current cancer vaccine strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and analysis of clinical trials involving autologous and allogeneic tumor cell vaccination (unmodified and gene-modified) over the last 10-15 years.
  • Assessment of immune response induction and therapeutic outcomes in patients with established tumors.

Main Results:

  • Tumor cell-based vaccines demonstrated effectiveness in tumor prevention in mice but showed limited success in therapeutic settings with established tumors.
  • Clinical trials provided insufficient evidence for significant immune stimulation or therapeutic benefit in cancer patients.
  • Direct intratumoral gene injection also failed to yield statistically significant clinical benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Current tumor cell-based vaccine strategies lack robust evidence of efficacy for treating established cancers.
  • Inherent drawbacks include limited cell availability, immunosuppressive factors, and high production costs.
  • Tumor cell vaccines should be reconsidered unless combined with novel immunomodulating agents in ongoing trials.