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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model

Published on: March 5, 2022

Relationship between recurrent miscarriage and insulin resistance.

Yunhui Wang¹, Huidan Zhao, Yan Li

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. why48100@163.com

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation

|September 29, 2011

Summary

Women with recurrent miscarriage history show increased insulin resistance in early pregnancy. This finding highlights a potential link between metabolic health and recurrent pregnancy loss, suggesting further investigation is warranted.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive endocrinology
Metabolic health
Obstetrics

Background:

Recurrent miscarriage affects a significant number of women.
Insulin resistance is a known metabolic dysfunction.
The relationship between insulin resistance and recurrent miscarriage requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare insulin resistance markers between women with recurrent miscarriage and those with normal pregnancies.
To identify potential early pregnancy indicators of metabolic dysfunction in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage.

Main Methods:

A comparative study involving pregnant women with (n=97) and without (n=52) a history of recurrent miscarriage.
Oral glucose tolerance tests and insulin-releasing tests were performed between weeks 5-13 of gestation.
Insulin resistance and sensitivity indices were calculated and compared between groups.

Main Results:

While fasting glucose and insulin levels did not differ significantly, the area under the curve for glucose and insulin was higher in the recurrent miscarriage group.
The composite insulin sensitivity index was significantly lower in women with recurrent miscarriage history.
These findings indicate impaired glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in early pregnancy for this patient group.

Conclusions:

Women with a history of recurrent miscarriage exhibit increased insulin resistance during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Early pregnancy insulin resistance may be a contributing factor to recurrent pregnancy loss.
Monitoring metabolic health in early pregnancy could be beneficial for women at risk of recurrent miscarriage.