Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:01

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic acid...
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation02:35

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br or I) to alkenes forms alkyl halides as per Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen gets added to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. Hydrohalogenation of alkynes takes place in a similar manner, with the first addition of HX forming a vinyl halide and the second giving a geminal dihalide.
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis01:13

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cytotoxicity and immunogenic cell death studies of water-soluble tetrahedral Ga(iii) or Fe(iii) coordination cages containing a Au(i) anticancer drug as guest.

Inorganic chemistry frontiers·2026
Same author

Exploring the Anticancer Properties and Mode of Action of Copper(II)-Furan Acylhydrazone on Human Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

ChemMedChem·2026
Same author

NMR spectroscopy stability studies of Ru-IM, a prodrug candidate for triple negative breast cancer.

Journal of inorganic biochemistry·2026
Same author

Correction to: "Shifting the Antibody-Drug Conjugate Paradigm: A Trastuzumab-Gold-Based Conjugate Demonstrates High Efficacy Against Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2‑Positive Breast Cancer Mouse Model".

ACS pharmacology & translational science·2025
Same author

Insights into Mechanisms and Promising Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapeutic Potential for a Water-Soluble Ruthenium Compound.

ACS pharmacology & translational science·2024
Same author

Corrigendum to "Efficacy and safety of basal insulin degludec 100 IU/mL versus glargine 300 IU/mL for type 1 diabetes: The single-center INEOX randomized controlled trial" [Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 196 (2023) 110238].

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Fluorous hydrosilylation.

Monica Carreira1, Maria Contel

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.

Topics in Current Chemistry
|September 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluorous biphasic system (FBS) hydrosilylation reactions, using fluorous catalysts, offer efficient separation and recycling. Advanced methods enable catalyst use in conventional solvents, improving recovery and minimizing leaching.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications
11:20

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Published on: August 15, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications
11:20

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Published on: August 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • The fluorous biphasic system (FBS) offers unique advantages for catalyst immobilization and separation.
  • Hydrosilylation reactions are crucial in organic synthesis, but catalyst recovery remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze the current state of fluorous biphasic system (FBS) hydrosilylation reactions.
  • To highlight the success and optimization strategies for fluorous catalyst systems in hydrosilylation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published papers and patents on FBS hydrosilylation.
  • Synthesis and application of fluorous monophosphine ligands with rhodium(I) and gold(I) catalysts.
  • Investigation of second-generation methods and fluorous supports for catalyst recovery.

Main Results:

  • FBS hydrosilylation using fluorous rhodium catalysts achieves high turnover numbers/frequencies (TON/TOF) with efficient catalyst separation and recycling.
  • Optimization of fluorous ligand design enhances catalyst recovery and minimizes metal leaching.
  • Thermomorphic properties and fluorous supports (e.g., Teflon tape) enable catalyst use and recovery in conventional organic solvents.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorous biphasic systems provide a highly effective platform for developing recyclable catalysts in hydrosilylation.
  • Ongoing research focuses on improving catalyst efficiency and expanding applications, particularly for gold-catalyzed reactions.