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Activity patterns in the Sahara Desert: an interpretation based on cross-sectional geometric properties
Efthymia Nikita1, Yun Ysi Siew, Jay Stock
1University of Cambridge, Leverhulme Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK. efi.nikita@gmail.com
The Garamantian civilization in the Sahara did not have more strenuous daily activities than other North African populations. Their bone structure showed low sexual dimorphism and asymmetry, except for stronger male lower limbs, possibly from herding.
Area of Science:
- Paleoanthropology
- Bioarchaeology
- Human Osteology
Background:
- The Garamantian civilization (900 BC–500 AD) thrived in arid Fezzan, Libya, adapting to extreme environmental challenges.
- Their success suggests effective coping mechanisms for heat, water scarcity, and limited food resources.
Observation:
- This study analyzed Garamantian long bone cross-sectional geometric properties.
- Comparisons were made with ancient Egyptian and Sudanese populations (Kerma, el-Badari, Jebel Moya).
- Sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry in bone structure were assessed.
Findings:
- Garamantes were not more robust than comparative populations, indicating similar activity loads.
- Low sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry were observed in most long bone properties.
- Males exhibited significantly stronger lower limbs, potentially linked to herding mobility.
Implications:
- Garamantian survival strategies in the Sahara did not necessitate greater physical exertion than in other North African regions.
- Low asymmetry suggests engagement in bilaterally balanced activities or infrequent unilateral tasks.
- Observed sexual dimorphism may reflect gendered roles, such as male herding activities.
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